Publications - Publications

Do sex, age, and comorbidities modify the association of socioeconomic status and opioid use after total hip arthroplasty?

Fri, 17 May 2024 20:34:03 +0200

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We aimed to examine the association between socioeconomic status (SES) markers and opioid use after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) due to osteoarthritis, and whether sex, age, or comorbidities modify any association.

METHODS: Using Danish databases, we included 80,038 patients undergoing primary THA (2001-2018). We calculated prevalences and prevalence ratios (PRs with 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of immediate post-THA opioid use (≥ 1 prescription within 1 month) and continued opioid use (≥ 1 prescription in 1-12 months) among immediate opioid users. Exposures were individual-based education, cohabitation, and wealth.

RESULTS: The prevalence of immediate opioid use was ~45% in preoperative non-users and ~60% in preoperative users (≥ 1 opioid 0-6 months before THA). Among non-users, the prevalences and PRs of continued opioid use were: 28% for low vs. 21% for high education (PR 1.28, CI 1.20-1.37), 27% for living alone vs. 23% for cohabiting (PR 1.09, CI 1.04-1.15), and 30% for low vs. 20% for high wealth (PR 1.43, CI 1.35-1.51). Among users, prevalences were 67% for low vs. 55% for high education (1.22, CI 1.17-1.27), 68% for living alone vs. 60% for cohabiting (PR 1.10, CI 1.07-1.12), and 73% for low wealth vs. 54% for high wealth (PR 1.32, CI 1.28-1.36). Based on testing for interaction, sex, age, and comorbidity did not statistically significant modify the associations. Nevertheless, associations were stronger in younger patients for all SES markers (mainly for non-users).

CONCLUSION: Markers of low SES were associated with a higher prevalence of continued post-THA opioid use. Age modified the magnitude of the associations, but it was not statistically significant.

Apiospora arundinis, a panoply of carbohydrate-active enzymes and secondary metabolites

Sørensen, T., Petersen, C., Muurmann, A. T., et al. — Sun, 01 Dec 2024 20:34:03 +0100

The Apiospora genus comprises filamentous fungi with promising potential, though its full capabilities remain undiscovered. In this study, we present the first genome assembly of an Apiospora arundinis isolate, demonstrating a highly complete and contiguous assembly estimated to 48.8 Mb, with an N99 of 3.0 Mb. Our analysis predicted a total of 15,725 genes, with functional annotations for 13,619 of them, revealing a fungus capable of producing very high amounts of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) and secondary metabolites. Through transcriptomic analysis, we observed differential gene expression in response to varying growth media, with several genes related to carbohydrate metabolism showing significant upregulation when the fungus was cultivated on a hay-based medium. Finally, our metabolomic analysis unveiled a fungus capable of producing a diverse array of metabolites.

Variations in the persistence of 5′-end genomic and subgenomic SARS-CoV-2 RNAs in wastewater from aircraft, airports and wastewater treatment plants

Tang, M. H. E., Bennedbaek, M., Gunalan, V., et al. — Wed, 01 May 2024 20:34:03 +0200

Wastewater sequencing has become a powerful supplement to clinical testing in monitoring SARS-CoV-2 infections in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era. While its applications in measuring the viral burden and main circulating lineages in the community have proved their efficacy, the variations in sequencing quality and coverage across the different regions of the SARS-CoV-2 genome are not well understood. Furthermore, it is unclear how different sample origins, viral extraction and concentration methods and environmental factors impact the reads sequenced from wastewater. Using high-coverage, amplicon-based, paired-end read sequencing of viral RNA extracted from wastewater collected directly from aircraft, pooled from different aircraft and airport buildings or from regular wastewater plants, we assessed the genome coverage across the sample groups with a focus on the 5′-end region covering the leader sequence and investigated whether it was possible to detect subgenomic RNA from viral material recovered from wastewater. We identified distinct patterns in the persistence of the different genomic regions across the different types of wastewaters and the existence of chimeric reads mapping to non-amplified regions. Our findings suggest that preservation of the 5′-end of the genome and the ability to detect subgenomic RNA reads, though highly susceptible to environment and sample processing conditions, may be indicative of the quality and amount of the viral RNA present in wastewater.

Optimal protein concentration in diets for sows during the transition period

Fri, 01 Mar 2024 20:34:03 +0100

The aim of the present study was to determine the optimal concentration of dietary protein required in transition diets for multiparous sows that enhance the farrowing process, colostrum production, and subsequent lactation performance. Forty-eight multiparous sows were allotted to one of six dietary treatments according to body weight (290 ± 3 kg) and parity (3.8 ± 0.2) from day 108 of gestation until 24 h after the onset of farrowing. The diets were isoenergetic and contained increasing concentrations of dietary protein (expressed as standardized ileal digestible [SID] Lys) and were supplied at a daily feed supply of 3.8 kg. On day 108 of gestation and days 2, 7, 14, 21, and 28 of lactation, body weight, and back fat thickness were recorded, and blood was sampled on day 108 of gestation, at the onset of farrowing, and days 3, 10, 17, and 24 of lactation from the sows for analysis of plasma metabolites. On day 115 of gestation, urine, and feces were collected for nitrogen (N) balance. The number of liveborn and stillborn piglets and time of birth were recorded and blood from every fourth piglet was sampled at birth for blood gas analysis. Piglets were weighed individually from birth until weaning, to estimate the colostrum and milk yield of the sows. Colostrum and milk samples were collected, and their compositions were determined. On days 3 and 28 of lactation, sows were injected with deuterium oxide to estimate body composition. The N utilization was maximized when the concentration of SID Lys in the transition diet was 6.06 g/kg (P < 0.01). When urinary concentrations of urea were expressed relative to creatinine, the relative concentration of urea remained low until a dietary concentration of 6.08 g SID Lys/kg, above which the relative concentration of urea increased (P < 0.01). Stillbirth rate increased linearly with increasing SID Lys concentration in the transition diet (P < 0.001), thus the concentration of SID Lys should be kept as low as possible without impairing sow performance excessively. A carry-over effect on milk yield was observed, showing that a dietary SID Lys concentration of 5.79 g/kg during transition optimized milk production at an average yield of 13.5 kg/d (P = 0.04). Increasing loss of body fat in lactation was observed with increasing SID Lys concentration in the transition diet (P = 0.03). In conclusion, the transition diet of multiparous sows should contain 5.79 g SID Lys/kg when fed 3.8 kg/d (13.0 MJ ME/kg), for a total SID Lys intake of 22 g/d.

Can individual variation in food neophobia explain variability in dairy calf feeding behavior patterns and performance?

Woodrum Setser, M. M., Neave, H. W., Costa, J. H.C. — Wed, 01 May 2024 20:34:03 +0200

Food neophobia is the avoidance of novel feeds, arising from an attempt to avoid potentially toxic and unwanted feeds, and is very common in ruminants. In commercial dairy settings, hesitancy to consume novel feeds is detrimental to animal performance and may be associated with other traits that can negatively affect animals in intensive and modern production systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between food neophobia and the development of solid and milk feeding behaviors, and consequently with calf performance up to two weeks post-weaning. We subjected dairy calves at 83 ± 3 d of age to a food neophobia test with a novel feed (corn silage-based total mixed ration), a familiar feed (alfalfa hay), and an empty container. Behaviors measured from this food neophobia test were condensed into three factors using a principal component analysis: ‘Feed Avoidant’, ‘Active’, and ‘Attentive’. A regression analysis was performed to assess if scores for the three factors were associated with feeding behavior patterns measured via an automatic feeder system, including total milk intake, rewarded and unrewarded visits to the milk feeder, total calf starter intake, and age at which calves first consumed ≥ 1 kg of calf starter. Factor 1 (‘Feed Avoidant’) was positively associated with the number of rewarded visits to the automated milk feeder but was not associated with intake of calf starter or milk replacer, nor performance of dairy calves. The other factors identified from the food neophobia test showed associations with feeding behavior patterns and performance. Factor 2 (‘Active’) was positively associated with calf starter intake during the weaning, post-weaning, and total periods, and was associated with a younger age at which calves consumed 1 kg of calf starter. Factor 3 (‘Attentive’) was positively associated with number of rewarded visits to the feeder during preweaning, increased calf starter intake during weaning and total periods, and higher preweaning ADG. These results suggest that individual variation in the willingness to interact with novel and familiar feeds may not play a large role in the development of solid feeding behaviors or performance of group housed dairy calves, but other traits identified from the food neophobia test are associated with performance and feeding behavior that can be measured in standardized tests.

Redox balance and immunity of piglets pre‑ and post‑E. coli challenge after treatment with hemp or fish oil, and vitamin E

Madsen, P. A., Jensen, S. K., Lauridsen, C. — Tue, 14 May 2024 20:34:03 +0200

Climate and environmental effects of nutritional mitigation options to reduce enteric methane in dairy cattle

Dorca-Preda, T., Olijhoek, D. W., Mogensen, L., Lund, P., Kristensen, T. — Sat, 01 Jun 2024 20:34:03 +0200

Nutritional mitigation strategies represent an option to reduce enteric methane emissions from ruminants, but these strategies must not have undesirable side effects. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the environmental effects of supplementation of typical dairy cow feeding rations in Denmark (S₀) with 20 g extra fatty acids per kg dry-matter (S₁), 10 g nitrate per kg dry-matter (S₂), and 60 mg 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) per kg dry-matter (S₃). A cradle-to-farm gate life cycle assessment approach was used, where fifteen environmental impacts were assessed to capture the environmental effects. Pairwise Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to identify statistically significant results. It was found that the climate impact per kg of milk decreased for all the strategies (−7 % in S₁ and S₂ and −13 % in S₃) compared to S_0. Furthermore, lower land use and land use change emissions were determined by the partial replacement of soybean meal with cracked rapeseed (in S₁) or nitrate (in S₂). The reduction in the level of enteric methane also contributed to decreases in the toxicity-related impacts of organic chemicals in S₁. The use of nitrate in S₂ also involved a decrease in the use of soybean meal, which contributed to decreases in the land use impacts. In strategies S₂ and S₃ increases in other environmental impacts were observed compared to S₀ because of the manufacturing of nitrate or 3-NOP, or higher N excretion and emission at supplementation with nitrate. It was concluded that S₃ was more effective in reducing the climate (and human-toxicity impacts of organic substances) impacts, while S₁ caused small decreases in a wider range of environmental impacts. The present study has an important contribution to quantifying a wide range of environmental effects for intensive dairy and regarding the implementation of nutritional strategies in dairy cattle to reduce enteric methane.

Generalized myasthenia gravis with acetylcholine receptor antibodies

Gilhus, N. E., Andersen, H., Andersen, L. K., et al. — Wed, 01 May 2024 20:34:03 +0200

Background: Generalized myasthenia gravis (MG) with antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor is a chronic disease causing muscle weakness. Access to novel treatments warrants authoritative treatment recommendations. The Nordic countries have similar, comprehensive health systems, mandatory health registers, and extensive MG research. Methods: MG experts and patient representatives from the five Nordic countries formed a working group to prepare treatment guidance for MG based on a systematic literature search and consensus meetings. Results: Pyridostigmine represents the first-line symptomatic treatment, while ambenonium and beta adrenergic agonists are second-line options. Early thymectomy should be undertaken if a thymoma, and in non-thymoma patients up to the age of 50–65 years if not obtaining remission on symptomatic treatment. Most patients need immunosuppressive drug treatment. Combining corticosteroids at the lowest possible dose with azathioprine is recommended, rituximab being an alternative first-line option. Mycophenolate, methotrexate, and tacrolimus represent second-line immunosuppression. Plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin are used for myasthenic crises and acute exacerbations. Novel complement inhibitors and FcRn blockers are effective and fast-acting treatments with promising safety profiles. Their use depends on local availability, refunding policies, and cost–benefit analyses. Adapted physical training is recommended. Planning of pregnancies with optimal treatment, information, and awareness of neonatal MG is necessary. Social support and adaptation of work and daily life activities are recommended. Conclusions: Successful treatment of MG rests on timely combination of different interventions. Due to spontaneous disease fluctuations, comorbidities, and changes in life conditions, regular long-term specialized follow-up is needed. Most patients do reasonably well but there is room for further improvement. Novel treatments are promising, though subject to restricted access due to costs.

Individuality of calves

Woodrum Setser, M. M., Neave, H. W., Costa, J. H.C. — Wed, 01 May 2024 20:34:03 +0200

Animal personality has established connections with animal performance, resilience, and welfare which are related to stable behavioral patterns. Precision livestock technologies introduce the opportunity to measure these behavior patterns automatically and noninvasively. Thus, the primary aim of this study was to determine if personality traits in dairy calves measured via standardized personality assessments were associated with activity measured via a commercially available accelerometer. Secondary aims of this study were to investigate if personality traits were associated with feeding behaviors measured via an automatic feeding system (AFS) and with average daily gain (ADG). We characterized personality traits of Holstein calves (n = 49) utilizing standardized personality (novel environment, novel person, novel object, and startle) tests. Behaviors from these tests were summarized and 3 factors were extracted from a principal component analysis to represent calf personality traits: fearful, active, and explorative. Factor scores were regressed against behaviors from the accelerometer and AFS and with ADG. We found that calves that were more active were associated with taking more steps in the home environment, consuming more calf starter, and with reaching the benchmark of 1 kg of starter consumed in a day at a younger age. The trait active was also associated with greater ADG throughout the study. In addition, calves that were more explorative in the personality tests were associated with less starter consumed and lower ADG specifically during the weaning period. The findings of this research contribute to the existing literature by further establishing the links between personality traits and the daily behavioral patterns and performance of young calves. This study suggests the potential for using precision technology to assess and characterize personality traits, thereby enhancing their practical applicability on farms. Future research should focus on evaluating how personality traits, as measured through standardized assessments and precision technologies, correlate with deviations in behavior observed in dairy calves during stressors.

Strengthening Animal Welfare in the Green Transition

Mc Loughlin, E. T. — Tue, 19 Mar 2024 20:34:03 +0100

Animal welfare is a high priority amongst European citizens and essential for a sustainable agricultural system and yet, the European Commission has identified that a lack of enforcement of animal welfare legislation is one of the main challenges facing animal welfare. This poster presented research conducted in 2022 with animal welfare inspectors, where I studied the challenges they face in their work as veterinary inspectors on farm and at slaughter.

Book Review: Indifference: On the Praxis of Interspecies Being

Mc Loughlin, E. T. — Sun, 28 Apr 2024 20:34:03 +0200

Reading Indifference feels like participating in a conversation that entertains, inspires, yet also provokes and challenges. In other words, it’s good company.

Effects of heat stress on feed intake, milk yield, milk composition, and feed efficiency in dairy cows: A meta-analysis

Chen, L., Thorup, V. M., Kudahl, A. B., Østergaard, S. — Sun, 19 Nov 2023 20:34:03 +0100

Heat stress compromises dairy production by decreasing feed intake and milk yield, and it may also alter milk composition and feed efficiency. However, little information is available for evaluating such effects across different levels of heat stress and cows enrolled in heat stress studies. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of heat stress on dry matter intake (DMI), energy-corrected milk (ECM), milk composition, and feed efficiency (kg ECM/kg DMI) and to investigate the relationship between such effects and heat stress intervention and animal characteristics by using meta-analytical approaches. Data from 31 studies (34 trials) fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were used for analysis. Results showed that heat stress decreased DMI, ECM, and milk protein concentration, but did not alter milk fat concentration or feed efficiency. Meta-regression confirmed that such reductions in DMI and ECM were significantly associated with increasing temperature-humidity index (THI). Over the period of heat stress, for each unit increase in THI, DMI and ECM decreased by 4.13% and 3.25%, respectively, in mid-lactation cows. Regression models further revealed the existence of a strong interaction between THI and lactation stage, which partially explained the large heterogeneity in effect sizes of DMI and ECM. The results indicated a need for more research on the relationship between the effect of heat stress and animal characteristics. This study calls for the implementation of mitigation strategies in heat-stressed herds due to the substantial decrease in productivity.
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In vivo assessment of the antiparasitic effects of Allium sativum L. and Artemisia absinthium L. against gastrointestinal parasites in swine from low-input farms

Băieş, M. H., Cotuţiu, V. D., Spînu, M., et al. — Sun, 01 Dec 2024 20:34:03 +0100

Background: Ethno-veterinary practices could be used as a sustainable developmental tool by integrating traditional phytotherapy and husbandry. Phytotherapeutics are available and used worldwide. However, evidence of their antiparasitic efficacy is currently very limited. Parasitic diseases have a considerable effect on pig production, causing economic losses due to high morbidity and mortality. In this respect, especially smallholders and organic producers face severe challenges. Parasites, as disease causing agents, often outcompete other pathogens in such extensive production systems. A total of 720 faecal samples were collected in two farms from three age categories, i.e. weaners, fatteners, and sows. Flotation (Willis and McMaster method), modified Ziehl–Neelsen stained faecal smear, centrifugal sedimentation, modified Blagg technique, and faecal cultures were used to identify parasites and quantify the parasitic load. Results: The examination confirmed the presence of infections with Eimeria spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Balantioides coli (syn. Balantidium coli), Ascaris suum, Oesophagostomum spp., Strongyloides ransomi, and Trichuris suis, distributed based on age category. A dose of 180 mg/kg bw/day of Allium sativum L. and 90 mg/kg bw/day of Artemisia absinthium L. powders, administered for 10 consecutive days, revealed a strong, taxonomy-based antiprotozoal and anthelmintic activity. Conclusions: The results highlighted the therapeutic potential of both A. sativum and A. absinthium against gastrointestinal parasites in pigs. Their therapeutic effectiveness may be attributed to the content in polyphenols, tocopherols, flavonoids, sterols, sesquiterpene lactones, and sulfoxide. Further research is required to establish the minimal effective dose of both plants against digestive parasites in pigs.

Lige børn leger bedst

Thomsen, P. T. — Mon, 01 Apr 2024 20:34:03 +0200

Quantitative distribution of flavan-3-ols, procyanidins, flavonols, flavanone and salicylic acid in five varieties of organic winter dormant Salix spp. by LC-MS/MS

Curtasu, M. V., Nørskov, N. P. — Thu, 01 Feb 2024 20:34:03 +0100

Willow trees (Salix spp.) exhibit remarkable genetic and phenotypic diversity, yielding a broad spectrum of bioactive compounds, notably valuable phenolic compounds such as condensed tannins (phenolic polymers), flavonoids, salicylic glucosides, and phenolic compounds. These enhance the economic value of willow crops and make them suitable for circular bioeconomy. Phenolic compounds known for their diverse applications as antioxidants, antimicrobial agents, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and antiseptics and more, find a natural source in willow. This study aimed to elucidate the composition of 12 flavonoids and salicylic acid in different segments of five organic winter dormant willow species (S. daphnoides, S. fragilis, S. dasyclados, S. viminalis, and S. dasyclados x viminalis) using quantitative analysis and providing valuable insights into their high-value phenolic compounds. Separation into buds, wood and bark segments allowed for a precise characterization of the location of certain phenolic compounds and quantification using LC-MS/MS techniques. LC-MS/MS is an analytical technique known for its increased sensitivity and chromatographic precision. Among the findings, catechin emerged as the predominant flavan-3-ol in all Salix species, with the highest concentration in the buds of Salix viminalis (7.26 mg/g DM). Naringenin exhibited species-specific variations, with S. dasyclados and S. viminalis recording the highest levels. Salicylic acid concentrations peaked in S. dasyclados (5.38 mg/g DM) and S. daphnoides (4.43 mg/g DM), particularly within the bark. When evaluating other individual flavonoids and total polyphenol content (TPC), disparities between buds, bark, and wood became evident, with wood consistently displaying the lowest content. Notably, the higher concentration of polyphenolic compounds in willow bark can be attributed to its susceptibility to external threats and its role as a robust defense mechanism against pathogens and herbivores. This study underscores the significance of diverse willow species as a source of high-value phenolic compounds, distributed differentially across plant parts and species. This knowledge holds promise for their potential applications in the circular bioeconomy.

Oplistning af forskningsspørgsmål og -emner relevant for klimatilpasning af landbruget

Olesen, J. E., Andersen, M. N., Greve, M. H., et al. — Thu, 25 Apr 2024 20:34:03 +0200

Metode til huldtilpasning af mink

Møller, S. H. — Wed, 24 Apr 2024 20:34:03 +0200

Animal health, welfare and production problems in organic weaner pigs

Leeb, C., Hegelund, L., Edwards, S., et al. — Wed, 01 Oct 2014 20:34:03 +0200

This paper reviews the available information on the different health and animal welfare issues in organic pigs in relation to weaning. It addresses the most relevant health and welfare problems and reviews their potential hazards and associated risk factors. Regarding health, problems related to post weaning diarrhoea, cold stress, skin lesions, endoparasites and post weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome are described. Reasons for distress and frustration in weaned piglets are identified as mainly separation from the mother, a new environment, mixing and fear of humans. Finally, hazards and risk factors for health and welfare in organic weaners are related to animal characteristics, housing systems, feed/nutrition and management. Generally, it is concluded that diseases around weaning are multifactorial in nature, with several factors contributing simultaneously as stressors at the time of weaning. In order to solve problems around weaning, the complexity and the individuality of farm systems need to be taken into account.

Description of organic pig production in Europe

Früh, B., Bochicchio, D., Edwards, S., et al. — Wed, 01 Oct 2014 20:34:03 +0200

With the aim to identify health and welfare strategies in organic pig production, a description of the different organic production systems was realized in eight European countries (Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Switzerland and UK). This description was based on the following features: numbers of organic farms and organic pigs, market shares, housing and management characteristics, feeding characteristics, main health problems and relevant differences to the EU regulation existing at the time of the project. The results were primarily based on statistics, country-specific regulations as well as on expert and stakeholder interviews. Organic farming and organic pig production are rapidly developing in European countries. The European country with the highest number of organic pigs is Germany. Organic pig production represents aminor part of the whole pig production in all surveyed countries. All features that were analysed varied greatly between countries with the most striking one being the housing of pigs that can be completely outdoors on pasture for most UK farms and always indoors with an access to an outdoor run, during part of their life, for most farms of German speaking countries.

Radial versus femoral access in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing invasive management

Völz, S., Angerås, O., Koul, S., et al. — Sun, 01 Sep 2019 20:34:03 +0200

Aims: In the Bivalirudin versus Heparin in ST-Segment and Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Patients on Modern Antiplatelet Therapy in the Swedish Web System for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-based Care in Heart Disease Evaluated according to Recommended Therapies Registry Trial (VALIDATE-SWEDEHEART), bivalirudin was not superior to unfractionated heparin in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing invasive management. We assessed whether the access site had an impact on the primary endpoint of death, myocardial infarction or major bleeding at 180 days and whether it interacted with bivalirudin/unfractionated heparin. Methods and results: A total of 6006 patients with acute coronary syndrome planned for percutaneous coronary intervention were randomised to either bivalirudin or unfractionated heparin. Arterial access was left to the operator discretion. Overall, 90.5% of patients underwent transradial access and 9.5% transfemoral access. Baseline risk was higher in transfemoral access. The unadjusted hazard ratio for the primary outcome was lower with transradial access (hazard ratio 0.53, 95% confidence interval 0.43–0.67, p<0.001) and remained lower after multivariable adjustment (hazard ratio 0.56, 95% confidence interval 0.52–0.84, p<0.001). Transradial access was associated with lower risk of death (hazard ratio 0.41, 95% confidence interval 0.28–0.60, p<0.001) and major bleeding (hazard ratio 0.57, 95% confidence interval 0.44–0.75, p<0.001). There was no interaction between treatment with bivalirudin and access site for the primary endpoint (p=0.976) or major bleeding (p=0.801). Conclusions: Transradial access was associated with lower risk of death, myocardial infarction or major bleeding at 180 days. Bivalirudin was not associated with less bleeding, irrespective of access site.

Undersøgelse af behov for kupering af lammehaler

Henriksen, B. I. F. — Thu, 18 Apr 2024 20:34:03 +0200

Obduktioner giver ny viden

Thomsen, P. T. — Mon, 01 Apr 2024 20:34:03 +0200

Animals with various forms of abnormal behaviour differ in learning performance and use of enrichment

Malmkvist, J., Díez-León, M., Christensen, J. W. — Thu, 01 Feb 2024 20:34:03 +0100

Abnormal behaviour has been related to differences in cognitive function and reduced animal welfare. However, these associations are understudied, and little is known about how various forms of abnormal behaviour affect learning performance, stress responses and use of enrichment. We tested the hypotheses that different forms of abnormal behaviour are (1) associated with various degrees of impairment of learning, (2) generally related to elevated stress responses including fearfulness, and (3) reduced during periodical access to running wheels using American mink (Neogale vison, synonym Neovison vison) as model species. Farm mink were screened into groups displaying no apparent abnormal behaviour (NONE, n=35), or abnormal behaviour as fur-chewing (FURCHEW, n=21), Stereotypic Behaviour (SB) i.e., pacing (PACERS, n=33), stationary SB (STATSB, n=22), licking SB (ORALSB, n=17), and combination of forms (MIXED, n=22). Learning performance was assessed in a two-choice visual discrimination test with three progressive stages: 94% passed the 1st (acquisition), 70% the 2nd (recall) and 42% the 3rd (reversal) stage. Mink from groups MIXED and PACERS passed more learning stages than ORALSB and NONE mink (MIXED 2.3^a; PACERS: 2.1^a; ORALSB 1.4^b; NONE: 1.4^b, F_5,83=2.7, P=0.027), while the other groups did not differ significantly (STATSB: 1.9^ab, FURCHEW: 2.0^ab). Thus, the most locomotory active forms of abnormal behaviour appeared associated with enhanced learning. NONE mink spent more time in investigative sniffing (13 ±1.6 s) than did mink with abnormal behaviour (6 ±0.9 s) in a 30 s temperament test (F_5,144=3.2, P=0.010). A large individual variation in faecal cortisol metabolite levels rendered this indicator insensitive to detect group differences. When given access to a running wheel, the groups differed in activity (F_5,131=10.0, P<0.001): Revolutions per day, MIXED: 1929^a, STATSB: 1445^a, PACERS: 1435^ab, ORALSB: 466^bc, FURCHEW: 485^c, and NONE: 344^c. All forms of SB, except licking, were significantly reduced (P<0.001) during running wheel access. Thus, licking SB appears different from the other SBs. In conclusion, different forms of abnormal behaviour appear associated with different cognitive and motivational characteristics. Further, our results suggest a potential positive link between physical activity (even if it is stereotypic) and learning.

Supplerende spørgsmål til vurdering af forhold, der kan påvirke minkproduktion

Møller, S. H. — Wed, 17 Apr 2024 20:34:03 +0200

Kvalitativ foderrestriktion under opdræt af forældredyrshønniker: Virkningen af fiberrigt foder og grovfoder på dyrevelfærd

Riber, A. B., Thodberg, K., van der Heide, M. E., Wurtz, K. E. — Fri, 12 Apr 2024 20:34:03 +0200

Virkemidler til reduktion af klimagasser i landbruget - 2024

Andersen, M. N., Manevski, K., Lærke, P. E., et al. — Fri, 12 Apr 2024 20:34:03 +0200

Short-term exposure of dairy cows to pyrrolizidine alkaloids from tansy ragwort (Jacobaea vulgaris Gaertn.)

Knoop, K., Knappstein, K., Kaltner, F., et al. — Sun, 01 Oct 2023 20:34:03 +0200

The increasing spread of ragworts is observed with concern. Ragworts like tansy ragwort (Jacobaea vulgaris Gaertn.) or marsh ragwort (J. aquatica) contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) which may induce hepatotoxic effects. Grazing animals usually avoid ragworts if their pasture management is appropriate. Preserved feed prepared from ragworts contaminated meadows may, however, lead to a significant exposure to PA. Previous studies on toxicity of PA for dairy cows revealed inconsistent results due to feeding ragwort plant material which was associated with heterogeneous PA exposure and thus failed to conclusively deduce critical PA doses. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to expose dairy cows (n = 4 per group) in a short-term scenario for 28 days with increasing PA doses (PA1: 0.47 mg PA/kg body weight (BW)/day (d); PA2: 0.95 mg PA/kg BW/d; PA3: 1.91 mg PA/kg BW/d) via oral administration by gavage of a defined PA-extract. While group PA3 was dosed with the PA-extract alone, groups PA2 and PA1 received PA-extracts blended in similar volumes with molasses to provide comparable amounts of sugar. Additionally, two control groups were treated either with water (CONWater) or with molasses (CONMolasses) to assess the effects of sugar without PA interference. While clinical traits including dry matter intake, milking performance, rectal body temperature, ruminal activity and body condition score (BCS) were not influenced by PA exposure, activities of enzymes indicative for liver damages, such as gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), increased significantly over time at an exposure of 1.91 mg total PA/kg BW/d.

Energy balance estimated real-time from automated on-farm live weights is associated with udder health

Thorup, V. M., Kjeldsen, A. M., Schmidt, J. M., Bossen, D. — Tue, 01 Jan 2013 20:34:03 +0100

Several technologically advanced dairy herds weigh cows automatically, but live weight fluctuates mainly due to feed and water intake, and milking. This daily fluctuation has been the largest obstacle in extrapolating meaningful physiological information from short term live weight changes, and in using these as an automated management tool. Mastitis and somatic cell count (SCC ) are used as udder health indicators, the former has been associated with decreased energy balance. This study uses a standard function of body protein changes to separate live weight changes into protein and lipid changes, thereby enabling estimation of individual energy balance of cows from live weights alone. Energy balance was estimated from 7421 live weight time-series, of these 862 cows were treated for mastitis. SCC during the first 100 days in milk was calculated. Energy balance correlated negatively with both milk yield and SCC , thus low energy balance was associated with high yield and high SCC . Mixed model ANOVA showed that SCC was significantly affected by energy balance, mastitis treatment, ECM, parity and calving season. In conclusion, informative individual energy balance estimates can be obtained from automated live weights in commercial herds without measuring feed intake.

Influence of space availability on measures of fear in conventional broiler chickens

Rasmussen, S. N., Yoder, H., Erasmus, M., Riber, A. B. — Mon, 01 Apr 2024 20:34:03 +0200

Many of the fear tests used in the welfare assessments of broiler chickens assume that birds will withdraw from a given stimulus if they are fearful. However, fear test responses may also depend on the amount of space available in the broilers’ environment. As broiler chickens grow, the available space decreases, which, together with a decline in walking ability, may bias the results of fear tests. In the present study, we aimed to examine the relationship between space availability and measures of fear in broiler chickens. We hypothesized that broilers kept in pens with lower space availability would show reduced withdrawal in two movement-dependent fear tests, the stationary person test (SPT) and the novel object test (NOT), as space restrictions would limit the birds’ ability to move away. Fast-growing broilers (Ross 708) were housed at similar target stocking densities (34 kg/m²) until 27 days of age, after which an experimental intervention was introduced in which half of the pens were provided with additional space, reducing the target stocking density to 16 kg/m². The fear tests were conducted when the birds were 21, 27 (before the change in space availability), 29, and 37 days old. Statistical analyses were performed in R using Generalized Additive Models. We found no effect of space availability on the measures of the SPT (P = 0.32). Space availability seemingly had a temporary effect on the measures of the NOT, as birds housed in the larger pens (16 kg/m²) showed increased withdrawal compared to the birds housed in the smaller pens (34 kg/m²) at 29 days of age (P = 0.04). However, no difference was found at 37 days of age (P = 0.63), and, therefore, we speculate whether the temporary effect at 29 days of age was due to the novelty of the environment rather than due to increase in space availability per se. We conclude that space availability had no effect on the outcome of the SPT and that it, overall, had no lasting effect on the outcome of the NOT. We speculate whether our findings might be explained by our chosen levels of stocking density for the smaller pens, as these may not have been sufficiently high to limit the birds’ ability to respond to the fear tests used, i.e. the birds, although space restricted, still had the option of being outside of proximity of the presented stimuli.

Forskere ser et stort potentiale i overvågning af grisenes lyde

Coutant, M. P. — Mon, 04 Mar 2024 20:34:03 +0100

Måske bliver lyd-sensorer i fremtiden et uundværligt værktøj til overvågning af husdyr. Forskningen accelererer i disse år, men der er stadig mange udfordringer.

Conflict behaviour in Icelandic horses during elite competition

Christensen, J. W., Jensen, D., König von Borstel, U. U. — Thu, 01 Feb 2024 20:34:03 +0100

Sport horse welfare is currently under scrutiny. Among other issues, it has been pointed out that behavioural signs of discomfort are frequently overlooked during training and competitions. Previous studies reported a relatively high prevalence of these types of behaviour (e.g., tail swishing, mouth opening – typically jointly labelled ‘conflict behaviour’) in elite level dressage and show jumping warmblood horses. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of conflict behaviour in Icelandic horses competing at elite level in breed-specific gait competitions. We used online video recordings from a competition in Iceland, including two different competitions (MD22, Fivegait F1: n = 25, and Loose-rein Tölt T2: n = 24 participating horses). The recordings were viewed at slow speed (x 0.25) enabling a detailed recording of the horses’ behavioural expressions. Mouth opening was the most frequently observed behaviour and occurred more in pace and tölt (Fivegait F1, P<0.001). In T2, mouth opening was more frequent in short-rein tölt than during loose-rein tölt (P<0.001). Sudden head movements, tail swishing and undesired gait changes also occurred, but less frequently. An elongated upper lip was observed in 12 of the 24 participating horses in T2, but only in short-rein tölt, suggesting that upper lip elongation is related to rein tension. We conclude that mouth movements (mouth opening and an elongated upper lip) are common behavioural expressions in Icelandic horses competing at elite level. Further studies are required to reveal the significance of these behaviours in terms of horse welfare.

The effects of phenotyping and genotyping strategies, and the use of conventional or organic sires on genetic gain in an organic pig population

Wed, 01 May 2024 20:34:03 +0200

Optimizing organic pig breeding schemes depends on how to best allocate resources to phenotyping and genotyping. This study investigates how phenotyping and genotyping strategies affect genetic gain in a small organic pig population. We used stochastically simulated breeding schemes aimed at producing three-way crossbred finisher pigs. The simulated breeding schemes varied in the availability of phenotypes and genotypes for purebreds and crossbreds, the origin of the sire, and the genetic correlation between purebred and crossbred performance. For each simulated breeding scheme, genetic gain and rate of inbreeding were collected for up to 100 replicates. Phenotyping of crossbred individuals did not improve the genetic gain in the purebreds or the crossbreds. Genotyping purebred sows did improve genetic gain in both purebreds and crossbreds. Genetic gain and rate of inbreeding were maximized when internal sires were used, assuming strong GxE between organic and conventional production systems. Yet, breeding schemes that used internal sires had a larger variance in the genetic gain than those that used external sires. In conclusion, breeding schemes for organic pigs can be optimized by using internal sires and by genotyping the purebred parents. Yet, the rate of inbreeding and population size should be taken into careful consideration when developing an independent breeding program for a small (organic) population.

Palmitoleinsyre - nøglen til bedre termoregulering, øget metabolisk sundhed og bedre pattegriseoverlevelse?

Lærke, H. N. — Thu, 04 Apr 2024 20:34:03 +0200

Research note

Nyende, P. W., Woyengo, T. A. — Mon, 01 Apr 2024 20:34:03 +0200

A study was conducted to evaluate standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) and N-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) values of cold pressed flaxseed meal (CPFM) for broilers. One hundred and twenty broiler chicks were divided into 20 groups of 6 birds/group and fed 2 diets in a completely randomized design (10 groups/diet) from 14 to 21 d of age. The diets were cornstarch-based containing CPFM or conventional soybean meal (SBM; reference feedstuff) as the sole protein source. A N-free diet fed in another study conducted in the same facility and at the same time that the current study was conducted was used to estimate basal endogenous AA losses, and to calculate gross energy retention by difference method. The CPFM had greater neutral detergent fiber and ether extract contents (21.40 vs. 8.18% and 20.4 vs. 2.47% as is, respectively), but lower CP (20.47 vs. 48.28% as is) than SBM. The SID values of all indispensable AA (except for Leu, Phe and Trp) for CPFM were lower (P < 0.05) than those for SBM. The apparent retention of gross energy (65.95 vs. 44.24%) and N (55.53 vs. 9.79%), and AMEn (2,699 vs. 2,491 kcal/kg) for CPFM were lower (P < 0.05) than those for SBM. In conclusion, CPFM can serve as alternative oilseed co-product feedstuff for poultry. However, the CPFM has lower SID of AA and AMEn values than SBM likely due to the greater fiber content in the former than in the latter.

Gas exchange, rumen hydrogen sinks, and nutrient digestibility and metabolism in lactating dairy cows fed 3-nitrooxypropanol and cracked rapeseed

Kjeldsen, M. H., Weisbjerg, M. R., Larsen, M., et al. — Mon, 01 Apr 2024 20:34:04 +0200

Water deprivation in poultry in connection with transport to slaughter

Wurtz, K. E., Herskin, M. S., Riber, A. B. — Wed, 01 May 2024 20:34:04 +0200

Poultry are deprived of water when transported to slaughter, beginning shortly prior to catching of the first bird and lasting through catching and loading, the journey on the vehicle, time spent in lairage, and up until time of death. Our aim was to review existing knowledge on variables which may be useful in determining the length of time that poultry may go without water in connection with transport before their welfare begins to deteriorate. During transport, it is likely that birds experience a motivation to drink, which may transition into the negative emotional state of thirst if water is unavailable. Determining when drinking motivation reaches a threshold where welfare is negatively impacted is challenging. In the absence of water, birds may over time experience dehydration which may be detected through physiological indicators as their body attempts to maintain homeostasis. In poultry, plasma osmolality, arginine vasotocin, and chloride have been suggested as being most suitable for assessing dehydration resulting from periods of water deprivation that correspond with typical transport durations, due to their particular sensitivity during this period. While initial dehydration may not be associated with negative emotional states, it is likely that it eventually leads to discomfort, but additional behavioral and motivational studies are necessary to infer when this begins. Impacts of thermal conditions, genetics, and the condition of the individual bird on the development of a dehydrated state were also assessed, though more information is needed to fully understand these interactions. With the available literature, this review concludes that total transport (i.e., from the initial deprivation from water until time of slaughter) durations of longer than 6 h are likely associated with measurable physiological indicators of dehydration and may potentially be associated with negative emotional states, although more research is needed to clarify this. Current available knowledge and assessment tools are not sufficient to detect the degradation of welfare derived from thirst itself, which should be further examined to protect poultry welfare during transport.

Dietary type (carnivore, herbivore and omnivore) and animal species modulate the nutritional metabolome of terrestrial species.

Sat, 01 Jun 2024 20:34:04 +0200

Ecometabolomics could be implemented as a powerful tool in molecular ecology studies, but it is necessary to know the baseline of certain metabolites and understand how different traits could affect the metabolome of the animals. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to provide values for the nutritional metabolome profile of different diet groups and animal species, as well as to study the differences in the metabolomic profile due to the effect of diet type and species. To achieve this goal, blood samples were taken from healthy animals (n = 43) of different species: lion (Panthera leo), jaguar (Panthera onca), chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), bison (Bison bison), gazelle (Gazella cuvieri) and fallow deer (Dama dama), and with different types of diet (carnivore, herbivore and omnivore). Each blood sample was analysed to determine nutritional metabolites. The main results this study provides are the nutritional metabolic profile of these animals based on the type of diet and the animal species. A significant effect of the dietary type was found on nutritional metabolite levels, with those metabolites related to protein metabolism (total protein and creatine) being higher in carnivores. There is also an effect of the species on nutritional metabolites, observing a metabolome differentiation between lion and jaguar. In the case of herbivores, bison showed higher levels of uric acid and cholesterol, and lower urea levels than gazelle and fallow deer. More molecular ecology studies are needed to further the knowledge of the metabolism of these animals.

Assessing cellular agriculture potential: Population homogeneity and gene expression in cultured bovine mammary epithelial cells

Sattari, Z., Rasmussen, M. K., Poulsen, N. A., et al. — Sat, 01 Jun 2024 20:34:04 +0200

Mammary epithelial cells (MEC) are responsible for milk synthesis in the bovine mammary gland during lactation, and could thereby potentially be used for in-vitro milk components production. Development of such a model, however, requires the MECs to preserve their lactogenic traits following in-vitro growth. Potential impact of growing MEC in the lab following their isolation was studied in relation to their population homogeneity and milk synthesis related gene expressions. Upon isolation, flow cytometry results showed that > 30 % of the obtained cells were positive for cytokeratin 18 (CK18), a marker for the MEC. This proportion increased to 95 % MEC after the first passage. Cell functionality was examined by comparing the expressions of milk synthesis related genes at passage 2 (P2) to passage 6 (P6) following treatment with lactogenic agents. CSN1S1 was found to be expressed significantly higher at P2 compared to P6. In addition, CSN2, CSN3 and PRLR tended to have lower expressions in P6 compared to P2. DGAT1, STAT5A, AKT1, and RPS6KB1 were expressed comparably in both passages. The expressions of LALBA and CSN1S2 were not detectable in any of the samples. Therefore, despite having high levels of CK18 positive cells at later passages, in line with other studies, further passaging affected the expressions of some of the genes related to milk synthesis. A reduced gene expression capacity in the propagated MEC may limit their potential for in-vitro milk components production.

Et historisk Europæisk partnerskab styrker dansk husdyrsundhed og velfærd

Lærke, H. N. — Tue, 19 Mar 2024 20:34:04 +0100

Øget indhold af fedt og E-vitamin i foderet kan forbedre kalves sundhed

Lærke, H. N. — Mon, 04 Mar 2024 20:34:04 +0100

Korrekt WelFur-Mink-vurdering af delvis fravænning af store kuld ved 42 dage

Møller, S. H., Malmkvist, J., Henriksen, B. I. F. — Sun, 01 Mar 2020 20:34:04 +0100

I WelFur-Mink vurderes effekten af delvis fravænning på samme vis som anden fravænning og vil derfor give 18 point ud af 100 for indikatoren ”Alder og procedurer ved fravænning”. Hvis dette skal ændres, skal der være videnskabeligt grundlag for at tolke delvis fravænning af en
del af hvalpene anderledes end normal fravænning af alle hvalpene i et kuld. Det første af to års forsøg med delvis fravænning, gennemført som beskrevet i Branchekoden, viste, at både tæver og hvalpe reagerede kortvarigt på fravænningen ved 42 dage. Tæven og hvalpene fra delvist fravænnede kuld, reagerede også ved den endelige fravænning ved 56 dage. Langtidseffekterne var til fordel for delvis fravænning i form af flere nysgerrige, færre frygtsomme og færre pelsgnav. Samlet set er der dermed grundlag for en anden vurdering af delvis fravænning, end den der svarer til fuld fravænning af hele kuldet ved 42 dage.

Huldtilpasning uden velfærdsproblemer i vinterperioden

Henriksen, B. I. F., Møller, S. H. — Sun, 01 Mar 2020 20:34:04 +0100

Behaviour of cull sows during transport to slaughter – Effects of journey duration, a stationary period and temperature

Kobek-Kjeldager, C., Jensen, L. D., Foldager, L., et al. — Thu, 01 Feb 2024 20:34:04 +0100

Until recently, the pre-slaughter logistic chain of cull sows had received limited study, and their behaviour during transport remains understudied. Previously, an observational study of journeys up to 8 h in Denmark showed that the clinical condition of sows had deteriorated from departure until arrival at the slaughterhouse. The suggested main risk factors for this were journey duration, in-vehicle temperature and stationary periods, often in interaction. To disentangle these risk factors, we performed a 3 × 2 factorial study simulating commercial conditions of varying journey durations (4 h, 6 h, 8 h) and the presence of a stationary period of 30–50 min after 1–4 h of driving (long stop: yes/no). In 28 vehicle loads of sows from six herds, behaviour (posture and aggression) and in-vehicle temperature were recorded in the rear compartment holding 11–12 sows during transport to a Danish slaughterhouse. Unexpectedly, the sows were generally standing during transport (median 89–92% standing sows per hour). More sows were standing in the initial hours compared to later. Fewer sows were standing when in-vehicle temperature was higher and with higher temperature standard deviation per hour. We found that fewer sows were standing during the long stop when the latency until the long stop was longer. There was variation in the frequency of aggression among sows (median 2–3, range: 0–155 events per sow), but no differences were detected in the rate of aggression as an effect of time since departure, the presence of a long stop, or in-vehicle temperature. The frequency of aggression received per sow positively correlated with number of scratches on the front of the sow (r = 0.24). Comparing the present results with the scientific literature on finisher pigs, cull sows seem to differ in their tendency to remain standing and show aggressive behaviour throughout journeys to the slaughterhouse. We discuss possible explanations including the pre-transport clinical condition of cull sows, their sensitivity to heat stress and mixing of unfamiliar animals in a confined space as well as the experimental design choice of observing sows in the rear compartment of the vehicle. In conclusion, contrary to expectations, sows were generally standing during transport, and aggression was found throughout the journeys. The higher proportion of sows lying down during a long stop with longer time until the stop may suggest fatigue. These initial findings on the behaviour of cull sows during transport suggest challenges to their welfare.

Identification of fibrocyte-like cells in biopsies from equine experimental wounds

Bundgaard, L., Jensen, H. E., Aasted, B., Sørensen, M.A., Jacobsen, S. — Mon, 01 May 2017 20:34:04 +0200

Fra sår til digital dermatitis

Thomsen, P. T. — Fri, 01 Mar 2024 20:34:04 +0100

Smuk og holdbar

Thomsen, P. T. — Fri, 01 Dec 2023 20:34:04 +0100

Corrigendum

Tue, 01 Feb 2022 20:34:04 +0100

Corrigendum to "Short Communication: Investigation of the feasibility of genomic selection in Icelandic Cattle"by Egill Gautason et al. Journal of Animal Science, Volume 99, Issue 7, July 2021; doi:10.1093/jas/skab139 In the originally published version of this manuscript, there were errors in the Model and Accuracy estimation sections. In the Model section, the sentence "The model included: (1) fixed effects of herd-year, (2) production month; (3) calving age; and (4) fixed regressions on 5th-order Legendre polynomials (quartic regression) and the exponential function e-0.05d, where d was days in milk; (5) fixed regressions of phantom genetic group contributions to each individual; (6) random regressions in terms of permanent environment (PE), on 2nd-order Legendre polynomials (linear regression, LR), and the exponential function e-0.05d; (7) random regressions in terms of animal breeding value, on 2nd-order Legendre polynomials (LR), and the exponential function e-0.05d; and (8) a random residual."should read "The model included: (1) fixed effects of herd-year, (2) production month; (3) calving age; and (4) fixed regressions on 5th-order Legendre polynomials (quartic regression) and the exponential function e-0.05d, where d was days in milk; (5) fixed regressions of phantom genetic group contributions to each individual; (6) random regressions in terms of permanent environment (PE), on 2nd-order Legendre polynomials (linear regression, LR), and the exponential function e-0.05d; (7) random regressions in terms of animal breeding value, on 2nd-order Legendre polynomials (LR), and the exponential function e-0.05d; (8) random effect of herd-test month; and (9) a random residual.".

Effects of herd management decisions on dairy cow longevity, farm profitability, and emissions of enteric methane – a simulation study of milk and beef production

Clasen, J. B., Fikse, W. F., Ramin, M., Lindberg, M. — Thu, 01 Feb 2024 20:34:04 +0100

Sustainable dairy and beef production provides environmental, economic, and social values that can potentially be maximized by optimizing herd management strategies. The length of a dairy cow's life is affected by, and affects, all three pillars of sustainability. Longevity in dairy cows is multifactorial and strongly dependent on herd management. Despite genetic improvements, the average time of culling for Swedish cows has barely changed and is currently at 2.6 lactations. This culling rate requires a high number of replacement heifers, generating high rearing costs for farmers. This study evaluated different herd management strategies to improve cow longevity and assessed the effects on enteric methane (CH₄) emissions from the herd and the profitability of milk production and beef production from the dairy cows and their offspring. The base scenario, an average Swedish Holstein herd of 100 cows, was compared with seven scenarios simulated using a stochastic herd simulation model (SimHerd). Two of these scenarios involved improved health and survival of cows in the herd, three involved improved reproduction, one considered the consequences of keeping all surplus heifers in the herd, and one considered maximizing the use of X-sorted dairy semen and inseminating the rest of the herd with unsorted beef semen, to avoid surplus replacement heifers. Improved fertility had the greatest effect in increasing the productive life per cow, to 3.8 years compared with 2.8 in the base scenario, allowed for more use of beef semen, reduced the number of replacement heifers, and generated the highest herd profit (€98 per cow-year higher than base scenario). Keeping all surplus heifers instead of producing beef × dairy cross calves decreased the number of productive years by 0.8 and reduced profit by €22 per cow-year. The profit was highly associated with costs related to replacement heifers. The highest beef output (3 369 kg per year more than base scenario) was achieved by keeping all heifers and culling a high share of dairy cows, but this scenario also generated much higher enteric CH₄ emissions (+1 257 kg per year). Improving health, survival, or fertility reduced enteric CH₄ emissions by 90–255 kg per year, while total yearly beef production ranged from 59 kg less to 556 kg more than in the base scenario. Reducing the number of replacement heifers needed by improving cow reproductive performance is thus key to increasing cow longevity and profitability, while reducing enteric CH₄ emissions from the herd without compromising milk and meat production.

Opdateret estimat af det gennemsnitlige reduktionspotentiale ved brugen af Bovaer for alle relevante årskøer i Danmark

Lund, P. — Thu, 14 Mar 2024 20:34:04 +0100

Effect of feeding meal of yellow and lesser mealworm and defatted black soldier fly larvae on growth performance and gut health of weaned piglets

Malla, N., Roos, N., Van der Heide, M. E., Nørgaard, J. V. — Fri, 01 Mar 2024 20:34:04 +0100

Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), lesser mealworm (LMW) and yellow mealworm (YMW) are suggested as a sustainable novel protein source which could improve growth and gastrointestinal function and health of weaned piglets. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of BSFL, LMW and YMW in diets for weaned piglets on growth performance and gut health-related parameters. A total of 96 crossbred [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] male piglets weaned at 28 days of age with an average weight of 6.6 ± 0.5 kg were used. For 2 weeks, piglets were fed a control diet (CTRL) with 14% enzyme-treated soybean meal or diets containing 2.66% enzyme-treated soybean meal and dried meal of defatted BSFL larvae, LMW and YMW at 8.35, 9, and 7.66% respectively. In each diet, 24 piglets were randomly allocated in individual pens. For all the growth performance parameters, no differences were observed among dietary treatments. All the treatments showed similar values of Immunoglobulin A (IgA). The concentration of D-lactate was not affected by treatments. Piglets fed LMW and YMW diets demonstrated a lower concentration of diamine oxidase (DAO; 321 and 309 ng/ml, respectively) than in the CTRL diet (382 ng/ml, P<0.05). Enterococci and lactobacilli in digesta were not different among treatments. Lactic acid varied between 48.6 and 63.4 g/100 g of total organic acid with the highest values found for the BSFL group and the lowest values found for the CTRL group (P=0.004). There was no difference among dietary treatments in the concentration of total short-chain fatty acids in the colon digesta. In conclusion, the inclusion of BSFL, LMW and YMW in weaned piglet diets in expense of enzyme-treated soybean meal showed similar effect on growth performance and most gut health parameters as compared to the CTRL diet. Reduced plasma DAO indicated protection of the intestinal mucosa barrier function when fed the mealworm-included diets. Meal of defatted BSFL larvae, LMW and YMW can be good alternatives to conventional protein sources and can be included in the balanced diet of weaned piglets.